, Portrait of Madame Matisse (The green line), 1905, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, Denmark]]Les Fauves (French for The Wild Beasts) were a short-lived and loose grouping of early 20th century Modern artists, whose works emphasized painterly qualities, and strong color over the representational values retained by Impressionism. While Fauvism as a style began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910, the movement as such lasted only three years, 1905–1907, and had three exhibitions.John Elderfield, The "Wild Beasts" Fauvism and Its Affinities, 1976, Museum of Modern Art, p.13, ISBN 0-87070-638-1The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse and André Derain.

History

.]]The artists shared their first exhibition at the 1905 Salon d'Automne. The group gained their name, after critic Louis Vauxcelles described their show of work with the phrase "Donatello au milieu des fauves!" ("Donatello among the wild beasts"), contrasting the paintings with a Renaissance-type sculpture that shared the room with them.Chilver, Ian (Ed.). "Fauvism", The Oxford Dictionary of Art, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved from enotes.com, 26 December 2007. Henri Rousseau was not a Fauve, but his large jungle scene The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope was exhibited near Matisse's work and may have had an influence on the pejorative used. Smith, Roberta (2006) "Henri Rousseau: In imaginary jungles, a terrible beauty lurks" The New York Times, July 14 2006. Accessed 29 December 2007 , The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope, 1905|thumb]] Vauxcelles' comment was printed on 17 October 1905 in Gil Blas, a daily newspaper, and passed into popular usage.Elderfield,p.43 The pictures gained considerable condemnation, such as "A pot of paint has been flung in the face of the public" from the critic Camille Mauclair (1872?1945), but also some favourable attention. The painting that was singled out for attacks was Matisse's Woman with a Hat, which was bought by Gertrude and Leo Stein: this had a very positive effect on Matisse, who was suffering demoralisation from the bad reception of his work.

The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse and André Derain. Other artists included Albert Marquet, Charles Camoin, the Belgian painter Henri Evenepoel, Jean Puy, Maurice de Vlaminck, Henri Manguin, Raoul Dufy, Othon Friesz, Georges Rouault, the Dutch painter Kees van Dongen, the Swiss painter Alice Bailly and Georges Braque (subsequently Picasso's partner in Cubism).

Gustave Moreau was the movement's inspirational teacher;Freeman, Judi, et al, The Fauve Landscape, 1990, Abbeville Press, p. 243, ISBN 1-55859-025-0. a controversial professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and a Symbolist painter, he taught Matisse, Marquet, Manguin, and Camoin during the 1890s, and was viewed by critics as the group's philosophical leader until Matisse was recognized as such in 1904.Freeman, 1990, p. 243.

The paintings of the Fauves were characterised by seemingly wild brush work and strident colours, while their subject matter had a high degree of simplification and abstraction. "Glossary: Fauvism, Tate, retrieved 29 December 2007. Fauvism can be classified as an extreme development of Van Gogh's Post-Impressionism fused with the pointillism of Seurat and other Neo-Impressionist painters, in particular Paul Signac. Other key influences were Paul CezanneFreeman, 1990, p. 15. and Paul Gauguin, who in 1888 had said to Paul Sérusier:Collins, Bradley, Van Gogh and Gauguin: Electric Arguments and Utopian Dreams, 2003, Westview Press, p. 159, ISBN 0-81334-157-4. Fauvism can also be seen as a mode of Expressionism.

Gallery

Image:Matisse-Open-Window.jpg|Henri Matisse, Open Window, Collioure, 1905, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.Image:The Turning Road, L´Estaque.jpg|Andre Derain, The Turning Road, L´Estaque 1906, The Museum of Fine Arts, HoustonImage:Derain CharingCrossBridge.png|André Derain, Charing Cross Bridge, London, 1906, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.Image:SeineChatou.JPG|Maurice de Vlaminck, The River Seine at Chatou, 1906, Metropolitan Museum of ArtImage:Vlaminck-TheCircus.jpg|Maurice de Vlaminck, The Circus, 1906Image:Dongen-Hat.jpg|Kees van Dongen, Woman with Large Hat, 1906

See also

• Art history
• Visual Arts and Design
• History of Painting
• Western painting

Further reading

Notes and references

External links

• Fauve Painting from the Permanent Collection at the National Gallery of Art
• Fauvism: The Wild Beasts of Early Twentieth Century Art

*French artModern artPost-ImpressionismWestern artArt movements

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